Computer Terminology Notes(By Alphabet A - B) for Competitive Exams
Hi friends. Today we Publishing Computer Terminology Notes for IBPS, SBI, UPSC and Other Competitive Exams. We hope this Notes helpful in Upcoming Competitive Exams. Happy Reading....
A
ALU( Arithmetic Logic Unit):
The part of a computer's central processing unit, which performs arithmetic operations on integrals and operations. A separate floating-point unit handles floating-point operations.
Access Time:
The time interval between the instant when a computer or control unit calls for a transfer of data to or from a storage device and the instant when its operation is completed, is the access time. Thus, access time is the sum of the waiting time and transfer time.
Accumulator:
A storage area in memory used to develop totals of units or of amounts being compiled.
Alphanumeric Code:
Code that represents numbers, letters, punctuation marks and special characters.
Archive:
To storage copies of computer program and data to search against loss in the event that the original materials are deleted or damaged. Archived files can be sent to disk or another computer.
ARPA NET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network):
A precursor to the Internet, developed in the late 1960's and early 1970's by the US Department of Defence as an experiment in Wide Area Networking (WAN) that would survive a nuclear war.
Auxiliary Storage:
Storage that supplement a computer's primary internal storage. In general auxiliary storage has a much larger capacity but a longer access time than the primary storage. Synonymous with mass storage. Same as secondary storage.
Audit Trails:
Means for identifying the actions taken in processing input data or in preparing an output. By the use of the audit trail, data on a source document can be traced to an output and an output can be traced back to the source items from which it was derived.
Asynchronous Communication:
Transmission system in which the speed of operation is not related to any frequency in the system to which it is connected.
B
Background Communication:
This means that while an operation is using a Computer terminal or word processor that machine can, at the same time, receive a message from another source and store it for later access.
Backup:
Pertains to equipment or procedures that are available for use in the event of failure or overloading of the normally used equipment or procedures.
Bar Codes:
These are the vertical black lines we see on many goods. They are bar codes, because they comprise 'bars' of different thickness. Each bar represents some kind of information, such as the price of the product, etc. Bar codes are read by a laser reader, and many shops now use them as a point-of-sale transaction medium.
BASIC (Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instructions Code):
A programming language developed in the mid 1960's as an easy-to-learn, easy-to-use language to teach students how to program. The language contains a limited set of powerful commands designed especially for use in a time-sharing environment.
Batch Processing:
A technique in which items to be processed are collected into groups (batched) to permit convenient and efficient processing.
Batch Total:
A sum of a set of an item in a batch of records, which is used to check the accuracy of operations involving the batch.
Browse:
To move through or surf the Internet or a Web Site in a World Wide Web browser. A user can point and click his way around. A browser is also used to explore the contents of files, or the list of files and subdirectories within a directory.
Bug:
A mistake in the design of a program or a computer system, or an equipment fault.
Bus:
The circuit wires used for transferring data between various components of a command system.
B2C (Business To Consumer):
In B2C sites, business use the Net for offering their products or services to consumers 24 hrs. a day from any part of the world. Business To Consumer portals are the most visible face of e-commerce.
B2B (Business To Business):
In this form of e-commerce, one business places orders for supplies/services with another business directly on the Net. Business To Business sites represent roughly 80% of total e-commerce transacted.
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