Computer Terminology Notes Set 6 (By Alphabet I to K)
I
IC (Integrated Circuit):
An Integrated Circuit is a small silicon semiconductor crystal, called a chip, containing the electronic components for the digital gates. The various gates are interconnected inside the chip to form the required circuit. The chip is mounted in a ceramic or plastic container, and connections are welded by thin soldered wires to external pins to form the integrated circuit.
IDP (Integrated Data Processing):
Data processing by a system that coordinates a number of previously unconnected processes in order to improve overall efficiency by removing or eliminating redundant data entry or processing operations.
Input Devices:
Input devices are used for transferring data or commands entered by the user to the computer. Some common input devices are keyboard, mouse, light-pen and scanner.
Input/Output:
A general term for the techniques and media used to communicate with data processing equipment and for the data involved in these communications. Depending upon the context, the term may mean either "input and output" or "input or output".
Instruction:
A set of characters that specify an operation to be performed, and usually the value of locations of one or more of its operands. In this context, the team instruction is preferable to the teams command and order, which are sometimes used synonymously.
Interblocked Gap:
The distance on a magnetic tape between the end of one block and the beginning of the next. With in this distance, the tape can be stopped and brought up to the normal speed again. Since the tape speed is not constant when stopping, no reading or writing is permitted in the gap.
Internet:
The vast collections of inter-connected networks that use the TCP/IP protocol and that evolved from the ARPANET of the late 1960's and early 1970's. The Internet is a huge network of networks that links many of the world's scientific, research and educational networks, as well as a queering number of commercial networks. The Internet often referred to as "The Net ", was started in 1969 by the US Department of Defence and gradually grew to become the world's foremost network for scientific research. Today, it is much more than that. Most universities are connected to the Internet, as are many companies and most of the information services.
Intranet:
A private network for internal use only belonging to a company or organization that uses the same kinds of software and tools that are used for the internet.
ISP (Internet Service Provider):
An ISP is a company, which provides Internet access to users on a pay-per-use basis. An ISP can provide access to the Internet through dial-up service (ordinary telephone lines or ISDN); DSL leased lines or cable connection.
Interpreter:
Languages translator that converts source code to machine code and executes it immediately, statement by statement.
Item:
An arbitrary quantity of data that is treated as a unit. A record, in turn, is a collection of related items, while a file is a collection of related records.
J:
JAVA:
JAVA is a network-oriented programming language invented by Sun Microsystems that is specifically designed for writing programmes that can be safely downloaded to one's computer through the internet and immediately run without fear of viruses or other harm to one's computer or files.
Job Scheduler:
Person within a computer installation who monitors computer work loads and makes sure that all resources and materials necessary for running jobs are available to people who need them.
K:
Key:
One or more characters associated with a particular item or record and used to identify that item or record, especially in sorting collating operations. The key may or may not be attached to the record or item it identifies.
Key Board:
The keyboard is one of the most common input devices for computers, The layout of the keyboard is like that of the traditional typewriter, although there are some extra commands and function keys added to suit the special needs of a computer. At present, a keyboard suitable for windows operating system has 105 keys. The keyboard transmits data and instructions to be computer in the form of digital code. A computer can follow only binary electrical data.
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We Will Post Remaining Notes (By Alphabet L-Z) in Coming Sets
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