Computer Terminology Notes Set 2 (By Alphabet C) for Competitive Exams

Computer Terminology Notes (By Alphabet C) for Competitive Exams

A high level programming language developed by Bell Telephone Company of USA in 1965. C is a compiled language. This means that the programs you write are translated by a program called a compiler, into executable machine-language-programs, which you can actually run.

CRT (Cathode Ray Tube):

A technical name for the picture tube (or screen) of a computer monitor or television. It uses cathode rays that strive the phosphor coatings on the screen to produce images.

CD- ROM (Compact Disk-Read Only Memory):

A CD-ROM is plastic type identical to the type used to store music, except that data is stored on the CD instead. CD-ROM's are used to distribute software from the developer to the customer.

CD-R Drive:

Compact disk-recordable drive. With CD-R drive you can write information on a blank CD-ROM specially designed for this purpose.

Channel:

Magnetic track running along a length of tape that can be magnetized in bit pattern to represent data.

Chat Room:

A site on the World Wide Web where any number of computer users can type in message to each other (Chat) in real time. Chatting is an on-line conversation. These messages usually appear on an area of the screen next to the user's nickname/handle.

Chip:

A miniature electric package containing imprinted circuits and Components.

Cluster System:

A number of word processor or computer workstations which have been linked together in some form to share central resources such as storage, printers, telex access, etc...

COBOL ( Common Business Oriented Language):

A high level language developed in the late 1950's, that uses "Common English" instructions to the computer and is a popular mainframe language. It is a procedure-oriented language developed to facilitate the preparation and interchange of programs, which form business data processing functions.

Coding:

The process of translating a set of computer processing specifications into a formal language for execution by a computer. A set of coded instructions.

Command Driven System:

Describes the methods of operation adopted by a computer or word processor. Each function or facility is activated by a command keyed into the system. Compare this with a menu-driven system where the functions are activated by calling up a menu on the screen to identify each facility available. An example of a command is to key in "PRINT", which will activate the printer.

Compile:

To prepare a machine language program (or a program expressed in symbolic code) from a program written in another programming language (usually a procedure oriented language such as COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN). The compilation process usually includes examining and making use of the overall structure of the program and/or generating more than one object program instruction for each source program statement.

Compiler:

A Computer program that compiles. Compilers are an important part of the basic software for most computers permitting the use of procedure-oriented languages, which can greatly reduce the human effort, required to prepare computer programs.

Compiler Languages (High-Level Languages or Third Generation Language):

Compiler languages are also know as high-level languages and procedural languages. They are procedure oriented viz., a business oriented language COBOL and a scientific application oriented language FORTRAN. They employ plain English and mathematical expressions. They are detached from the machine design and therefore the nomenclature "High-Level" languages. Since they are procedure oriented and detached from the machine design, instructions in these languages may be equivalent to more than one instruction in a machine language. An instruction in these languages is usually called a statement. Besides FORTRAN and COBOL there are several high-level languages such as BASIC, PASCAL and C etc.,

CAD ( Computer Aided Design):

A software used by architects, craftsmen, engineers and designers to visualize and manipulate the objects they are designing.

Computer Terminal:

A computer terminal generally combines input and output functions. It consists of a QWERTY keyboard for inputting information directly to the computer and either a printer or a Monitor Screen for displaying information from the computer.

Concurrent Processing:

The capability of a computer system to share memory among several programs and to execute the instructions provided by each during the same time frame.

Console:

A portion of a computer that is used for by operators or maintenance engineers for managing the resources of computer system.

Control Break:

Point during program processing at which some special processing event takes place. A control break is usually signalled by a change in the value of a control field within a data record.

Conversational Program:

A program that permits a dialogue to take place between a user and a computer.

CR- Carriage Return:

This is the most important key on a computer or word processing keyboard. It is used to activate most of the functions on the system. It is usually identified by a reverse L-Symbol with an arrow on the end of the horizontal bar.

Cyberspace:

A term coined by William Cribson, in his fantasy novel to describe the "World" of computers and society that gathers around them. Cyberspace is now used to refer to the world of interconnected computer networks, ie., the Internet.

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