Computer Terminology Notes Set 4 (By Alphabet E-F) for Competitive Exams

Computer Terminology Notes (By Alphabet E-F) for Competitive Exams

EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code):

An 8-bit code that represents an extension of 6-bit "BCD" code that was widely used in computers of the first and second generations. EBCDIC can represent upto 256 distinct characters and it is the principle code used in many of the current computers.

Echo Check:

A check upon the accuracy of a data transfer operation in which the data received (Typically by an output device) is transmitted back to the source (Typically, a control unit) and compare with the regional data. An Echo check on an output operation usually can only verify that for example, the proper print hammers or punch pins were activated at the proper instants, it cannot ensure that the proper marks were actually received on the output medium.

E-commerce (or) E-Business:

Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) (or) Electronic Business (E-Business), which operates through the internet, facilitates exchange of information, goods, services and payments with speed and efficiency irrespective of geographical location.

Electronic Journal:

A log file summarizing, in chronological sequence, the processing activities performed by a system. The file is maintained on magnetic storage media.

Electronic Spread Sheet:

Electronic spreadsheets can be visualized as sheets of electronic paper, which can spread, both horizontally and vertically. It has the main characteristics of re-calculating and depending values when an independent value is changed. The popular electronic spreadsheet packages available commercially are Lotus 123, Microsoft Excel etc.,

E-Mail (Electronic Mail):

Electronic Mail (e-Mail) is the use of a network to transmit text messages, memos and reports. Users can send a message to one or more individual users, to a predefined group, or to all users on the system. Messages, usually text are sent from one person to another via computer. E-mail can also be sent automatically to a large number of addresses (mailing list).

Executive Routine:

A routine designed to organized and regulated the flow of work in a computer system by initiating and controlling execution of programs. A principal component of most operating systems. Synonymous with supervisory routine.

Field:

A group of characters represent an item in one record.
A sub-division of a computer word or instruction, a group of bit positions within a instruction that holds an address.

File:

A file is simply a group of data. Applications and the data (used by the applications) are stored on the disk as files. The surface of a disk is divided magnetically into a series of concentric circles called "Tracks". Tracks are divided into series of smaller pieces called "sectors" collection of related records, wholly (but not necessarily) arranged in sequence according to key contained on each record.

Note:- A record in turn is a collection of related items, An item is an arbitrary quantity of data that is treated as a unit.

For Example: In process payroll processing, an employee's pay rate forms an item, a group of items relating to one employee forms a record, and the complete set of employee records forms a file.

Finger:

A software tool used to determined whether another user is logged onto the internet. It can also be used to find out the user's e-mail address.

File Maintenance:

The updating of a file to reflect the effects of periodic changes by adding altering data. Ex:- The addition of new programs to program library on magnetic tape.

File processing:

The periodic updating of master files to reflect the effect of current data, often transaction data contained in detail files. Ex:- A weekly payroll run updating the payroll master file.

Fixed Length Records:

A record that always contains the same number of characters Contrast with variable length record. The restrictions to a fixed length may be deliberate, in order to simplify and speed processing or it may be dictated by the characteristics of the equipment used.

Fixed Word Length:

Pertaining to machine word or operand that always has the same number of bits or characters. Most scientific computers are of the fixed word length type for maximum computational speeds, while many business oriented computers have variable word length to permit efficient handling of items and records of varying sizes. Some computers have both fixed and variable words. Contrast with variable word length.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol):

The file Transfer protocol, or simply FTP, is a tool that allows transfer of files between computers which, in most cases would be connected over the Internet. The computer that allows other computers to connect it is known as the host, remote server or simply server, and the computer that connects to it is referred to as the client.

Flops:

A measure used to evaluate computers in their ability to perform, a given number of floating point operations per second are referred to as FLOPS. The term mega flops is used to denote million flops and giga flops to denote billion flops.

Flowchart:

A diagram that shows, by means of symbols and interconnecting lines.

The structure and general sequence of operations of a program
A system of processing (system of flow chart)

Font:

A character set in a particular style and size of type, including all alphanumeric characters, punctuation marks and special symbols.

Foreground Communication:

Where the transmission or receipt of a message requires action by the operator of the terminal. This can mean setting up the machine to communicate, making contact with the third party sending or receiving the message and activating the terminal to perform that function.

FORTRAN (Formula Translation):

A procedure oriented language designed to facilitate the preparation of computer programs that perform mathematical computations.

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