General Science- Laws and Definitions
Boyle's Law:
Temperature remaining constant, the volume of a given mass of any gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.
Charles's Law:
Pressure remaining constant the volume of a given mass of any gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature.
Periodic Law:
If the arrangement of element is done in the order of their atomic numbers, those possessing similar properties reoccur at regular intervals.
Ohm's Law:
The current flowing through a conductor between any two points is proportional to the potential difference between them, provided physical conditions remain unchanged.
Law of Indestructibility of Matter:
The matter can neither be created nor destroyed as a result of any chemical change.
Law of Multiple Proportions:
When two elements unite to form more than one compound, the weight of the one which combines with the fixed weight of the other bears simple ratio to each other.
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure:
The total pressure exerted by the gaseous mixture is the sum of the pressures, which the gases would exert individually, if each one of them alone had occupied the whole volume, provided they do not react with each other.
Law of Mass Action:
The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the molecular concentration of each of the acting substances.
Le Chatelier's Principle:
When a system in equilibrium is subjected to a change of temperature pressure or concentration, the equilibrium automatically shifts in the direction which tends to undo the effect of the change imposed.
Faraday's Law of Electrolysis:
(i) The products of electrolysis appear only at the electrodes and their weight is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed.
(ii) When the same current passed through different electrolytes, the amounts of reactions liberated at the various electrodes are proportional to their chemical equivalents.
Dulong and Petit's Law:
The products of the atomic weight of a substance and its specific heat is approximately equal to 6.4.
Valency: Is the number of atoms of hydrogen with which can combined an atom of a substance.Covalency: When atoms share equal number of electrons to complete each other's orbit, such type of valency is called covalency.
Electrovalency: When atoms lend or bottom electrons to complete each other's orbit, this kind of valency is called electrovalency.
Molecular Weight: Is the average relative weight of a molecule of a substance compared with the weight of oxygen, or 35.5 parts by weight of chlorine.
Atomic Weight: Of an element is the average relative weight of its atom compared with the weight of an atom of oxygen taken as 16.
Solubility: Is the maximum amount of a substance which can be dissolved in 100 grams of solvent at a particular temperature.
Water of Crystallization: Is the number of molecules of water required to give the substance a crystalline shape.
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