General Awareness about Print Media and News Agencies In India
The origin of newspapers in India dates back to the eighteenth century. India's first newspaper Hicky's Bengal Gazette or the Calcutta General Advertiser was published in English in Calcutta by James Augustus Hicky on 29 Jan, 1780. Hickey's Bengal Gazette was the first English Language newspaper, and indeed the first printed newspaper, to be published in the Indian subcontinent.
In 1789, the first newspaper from Bombay(now Mumbai), the 'Bombay Courier' in the following year. Later, this newspaper merged with the Times of India in 1861. The first newspaper published in an Indian Language was the Samachar Sudha Varshan started its circulation in 1854. The era of Kannada newspapers called Mangalooru Samachara from Mangalore. The first Malayalam News paper Rajyasamacharam was started by Dr. Herman Gundert in 1847. First Marathi daily ' Dnyanprakash' was started on 12 Feb. 1849, which lasted for 100 years. The first Tamil newspaper, Swadesamitran.
Print Media:
As per the provision of the Press and Registration of Books (PRB) Act, 1867 and rules under it, the Registrar of Newspaper for India (RNI), commonly known as Press Registrar, is required inter alia to submit an annual report to the Government on the status of newspapers on or before 31st December every year. According to the data available for the year 2010-11, the total number of newspapers and periodicals being published in India was 82,222 as compared to 77,384 during 2009-10. Uttar Pradesh with 13,065 newspapers retained the position of publishing the largest number of newspaper in any state. In the case of dailies also Uttar Pradesh held the top position with 1909 newspapers. Bombay Samachar, a Gujarati daily published from Mumbai since 1822, is the oldest existing newspaper.
Audit Bureau of Circulations (India):
ABC certifies and audits the circulations of major publications, including newspapers and magazines in India. The main function of ABC is to evolve and lay down a standard, uniform procedure by which a member publisher shall compute its net paid sales. The circulation figure so arrived at is checked and certified by a firm of Chartered Accountants which are approved by the Bureau. The Bureau issues ABC certificates every six months to those publishers whose circulation figures conform to the rules and regulations as set out by the Bureau.
From a modest beginning it has grown to remarkable proportions. ABC's membership today includes 411 publishers of national and regional importance, 151 Advertising Agencies, 51 Advertisers & 20 New Agencies ad Associations connected with print media and advertising. It covers most of the major towns in India.
From a modest beginning it has grown to remarkable proportions. ABC's membership today includes 411 publishers of national and regional importance, 151 Advertising Agencies, 51 Advertisers & 20 New Agencies ad Associations connected with print media and advertising. It covers most of the major towns in India.
News Agencies:
Press Trust of India:
India's largest news agency, Press Trust of India (PTI), is a non-profit sharing cooperative owned by the country's newspaper with a mandate to provide efficient and unbiased news to all subscribers. Founded on 27 August, 1947, PTI began functioning from 1 February, 1949. A television wing, PTI-TV, does features and undertakes corporate documentaries on assignment basis.
United News of India:
United News of India (UNI) was incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956 on 19 December, 1959 and started functioning effective from 21 March, 1961.
Press Council of India:
The Press Council of India was first set up in the year 1966 by the Parliament on the recommendations of the First Press Commission with the object of preserving the freedom of the press and of maintaining and improving the standard of press in India. The present Council functions under the Press Council Act 1978. It is a statutory , quasi judicial body which acts as a watchdog of the press. It adjudicates the complaints against and by the press for violation of the freedom for the press respectively. The Chairman of the council is by convention, a retired judge of the Supreme Court of India. The Council has 28 members 20 forms the newspaper world, five are Members of Parliament.
Prasar Bharati:
Prasar Bharati is India's largest public broadcaster. It is an autonomous body set up by an Act of Parliament and comprises Doordarshan television network and All India Radio which were earlier media units of the ?Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
Prasar Bharati was established on November 23, 1997 following a demand that the government owned broadcasters in India should be given autonomy like those in many other countries. The Parliament of India passed an Act to grant this autonomy in 1990, but it was not enacted until September 15, 1997.
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